Everything about William Fenwick Williams totally explained
Sir William Fenwick Williams, 1st Baronet GCB (
4 December 1800 –
26 July 1883) was a British military
leader of the
Victorian era.
Early life
He was born in
Annapolis, Nova Scotia, the second son of Commissary-General Thomas Williams, barrack-master at
Halifax,
Nova Scotia,
Canada.
Career
He entered the
Royal Artillery as
second lieutenant in
1825. His services were lent to
Turkey in
1841, and he was employed as a captain in the arsenal at
Constantinople. He was British commissioner in the conferences preceding the
treaty of Erzerum in
1847, and again in the settlement of the
Turko-Persian boundary in
1848 (brevet majority and lieutenant-colonelcy and CB).
Promoted colonel, he was British commissioner with the Turkish army in
Anatolia in the
Russian War of 1854–56, and, having been made a
ferik (lieutenant-general) and a
pasha, he practically commanded the Turks during the heroic defence of
Kars, repulsing several Russian attacks and severely defeating the Russian general
Muraviev in the
siege of Kars (not to be confused with the
Battle of Kars) on
September 29,
1855. Cold,
cholera, famine and hopelessness of succour from without, however, compelled Williams to make an honourable capitulation on
November 28 following.
A
baronetcy with pension for life, the
KCB, the grand cross of the
Legion of Honour and of the Turkish Medjidie, the
freedom of the City of London with a sword of honour, and the honorary degree of
DCL of
Oxford University, were the distinctions conferred upon him for his valour.
Promoted major-general in November
1855 on his return from captivity in
Russia, he held the Woolwich command, and represented the borough of
Calne in parliament from
1856 to
1859.
From
1859 to
1864 he held the position of
Commander in Chief, North America, and was responsible for preparations for war with the
United States in the case that relations broke down. The most severe strain in relations occurring during the
Trent Affair.
He became lieutenant-general and colonel-commandant Royal Artillery in 1864, general in 1868, commanded the forces in Canada from
1859 to
1865, held the governorship of
Nova Scotia 1865–
1867, and the governorship of
Gibraltar 1870–
1876. He was made
GCB in
1871, and
Constable of the Tower of London in
1881.
Later life
He died in London on 26 July, 1883 and is buried in
Brompton Cemetery.
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